25 fevereiro 2015

The Rosette Nebula in Hydrogen and Oxygen



The Rosette Nebula is not the only cosmic cloud of gas and dust to evoke the imagery of flowers -- but it is the most famous. At the edge of a large molecular cloud in Monoceros, some 5,000 light years away, the petals of this rose are actually a stellar nursery whose lovely, symmetric shape is sculpted by the winds and radiation from its central cluster of hot young stars. The stars in the energetic cluster, cataloged as NGC 2244, are only a few million years old, while the central cavity in the Rosette Nebula, cataloged as NGC 2237, is about 50 light-years in diameter. The nebula can be seen firsthand with a small telescope toward the constellation of the Unicorn (Monoceros).



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First human head transplant could happen in two yearsIT’S...





First human head transplant could happen in two years


IT’S heady stuff. The world’s first attempt to transplant a human head will be launched this year at a surgical conference in the US. The move is a call to arms to get interested parties together to work towards the surgery.


The idea was first proposed in 2013 by Sergio Canavero of the Turin Advanced Neuromodulation Group in Italy. He wants to use the surgery to extend the lives of people whose muscles and nerves have degenerated or whose organs are riddled with cancer. Now he claims the major hurdles, such as fusing the spinal cord and preventing the body’s immune system from rejecting the head, are surmountable, and the surgery could be ready as early as 2017.


Canavero plans to announce the project at the annual conference of the American Academy of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgeons (AANOS) in Annapolis, Maryland, in June. Is society ready for such momentous surgery? And does the science even stand up?


The first successful head transplant, in which one head was replaced by another, was carried out in 1970. A team led by Robert White at Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine in Cleveland, Ohio, transplanted the head of one monkey onto the body of another. They didn’t attempt to join the spinal cords, though, so the monkey couldn’t move its body, but it was able to breathe with artificial assistance. The monkey lived for nine days until its immune system rejected the head. Although few head transplants have been carried out since, many of the surgical procedures involved have progressed. “I think we are now at a point when the technical aspects are all feasible,” says Canavero.


This month, he published a summary of the technique he believes will allow doctors to transplant a head onto a new body (Surgical Neurology International, doi.org/2c7). It involves cooling the recipient’s head and the donor body to extend the time their cells can survive without oxygen. The tissue around the neck is dissected and the major blood vessels are linked using tiny tubes, before the spinal cords of each person are cut. Cleanly severing the cords is key, says Canavero.


The recipient’s head is then moved onto the donor body and the two ends of the spinal cord – which resemble two densely packed bundles of spaghetti – are fused together. To achieve this, Canavero intends to flush the area with a chemical called polyethylene glycol, and follow up with several hours of injections of the same stuff. Just like hot water makes dry spaghetti stick together, polyethylene glycol encourages the fat in cell membranes to mesh.


Next, the muscles and blood supply would be sutured and the recipient kept in a coma for three or four weeks to prevent movement. Implanted electrodes would provide regular electrical stimulation to the spinal cord, because research suggests this can strengthen new nerve connections.


When the recipient wakes up, Canavero predicts they would be able to move and feel their face and would speak with the same voice. He says that physiotherapy would enable the person to walk within a year. Several people have already volunteered to get a new body, he says.


The trickiest part will be getting the spinal cords to fuse. Polyethylene glycol has been shown to prompt the growth of spinal cord nerves in animals, and Canavero intends to use brain-dead organ donors to test the technique. However, others are sceptical that this would be enough. “There is no evidence that the connectivity of cord and brain would lead to useful sentient or motor function following head transplantation,” says Richard Borgens, director of the Center for Paralysis Research at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana.


If polyethylene glycol doesn’t work, there are other options Canavero could try. Injecting stem cells or olfactory ensheathing cells – self-regenerating cells that connect the lining of the nose to the brain – into the spinal cord, or creating a bridge over the spinal gap using stomach membranes have shown promise in helping people walk again after spinal injury. Although unproven, Canavero says the chemical approach is the simplest and least invasive.


But what about the prospect of the immune system rejecting the alien tissue? Robert White’s monkey died because its head was rejected by its new body. William Mathews, chairman of the AANOS, says he doesn’t think this would be a major problem today. He says that because we can use drugs to manage the acceptance of large amounts of tissue, such as a leg or a combined heart and lung transplant, the immune response to a head transplant should be manageable. “The system we have for preventing immune rejection and the principles behind it are well established.”


Canavero isn’t alone in his quest to investigate head transplants. Xiao-Ping Ren of Harbin Medical University in China recently showed that it is possible to perform a basic head transplant in a mouse (CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, doi.org/2d5). Ren will attempt to replicate Canavero’s protocol in the next few months in mice, and monkeys.


The essence of you


Another hurdle will be finding a country to approve such a transplant. Canavero would like to do the experiment in the US, but believes it might be easier to get approval somewhere in Europe. “The real stumbling block is the ethics,” he says. “Should this surgery be done at all? There are obviously going to be many people who disagree with it.”


Patricia Scripko, a neurologist and bioethicist at the Salinas Valley Memorial Healthcare System in California, says that many of the ethical implications related to the surgery depend on how you define human life. “I believe that what is specifically human is held within the higher cortex. If you modify that, then you are not the same human and you should question whether it is ethical. In this case, you’re not altering the cortex.” However, she adds that many cultures would not approve of the surgery because of their belief in a human soul that is not confined to the brain.


As with many unprecedented procedures, there may also be concerns about a slippery slope. In this case, it would be whether this would eventually lead to people swapping bodies for cosmetic reasons. However, Scripko – who doesn’t believe the surgery will ever happen – doesn’t think this applies here. “If a head transplant were ever to take place, it would be very rare. It’s not going to happen because someone says ‘I’m getting older, I’m arthritic, maybe I should get a body that works better and looks better’.”


Unsurprisingly, the surgical community is also wary of embracing the idea. Many surgeons contacted by New Scientist refused to comment on the proposed project, or said it sounded “too outlandish” to be a serious consideration.


"This is such an overwhelming project, the possibility of it happening is very unlikely," says Harry Goldsmith, a clinical professor of neurological surgery at the University of California, Davis, who has performed one of the few surgeries that enabled someone with a spinal cord injury to regain the ability to walk. "I don’t believe it will ever work, there are too many problems with the procedure. Trying to keep someone healthy in a coma for four weeks – it’s not going to happen."


Nick Rebel, executive director of the US branch of the International College of Surgeons, says that although his organisation, along with the AANOS, is giving Canavero a stage, it is not sponsoring his ideas. “We’re creating a venue for him to launch the project. There will be a lot of top international surgeons at the conference and we shall see whether it is well received or not.”


Mathews is more enthusiastic about the project. “I embrace the concept of spinal fusion,” he says, “and I think there are a lot of areas that a head transplant can be used, but I disagree with Canavero on the timing. He thinks it’s ready, I think it’s far into the future.”


Canavero is philosophical. “This is why I first spoke about the idea two years ago, to get people talking about it,” he says. “If society doesn’t want it, I won’t do it. But if people don’t want it in the US or Europe, that doesn’t mean it won’t be done somewhere else. I’m trying to go about this the right way, but before going to the moon, you want to make sure people will follow you.”


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ORAÇÃO DO PERDÃO



Senhor Jesus Cristo, hoje peço-vos a graça de perdoar a todos em minha vida. Sei que dareis a força para perdoar. Abandono todo o ressentimento contra vós por causa de adversidades, morte e doença na família. Entrego-me a vós hoje, com fé e confiança, vós me amais mais do que amo a mim mesmo e quereis minha felicidade mais do que eu mesmo o desejo. Jesus, vós sois o Senhor de minha vida. Penetrai mais fundo em meu coração e removei tudo que bloqueia a abundância de vosso amor. Concedei-me a graça de repousar em vossos braços e permiti que eu seja amado por vós.



Senhor, porque me perdoastes, perdôo A MIM MESMO meus pecados, minhas faltas e meus fracassos. Perdôo a mim mesmo tudo que é realmente ruim em mim e tudo que penso ser ruim. Perdôo a mim mesmo por tomar vosso nome em vão; por não vos louvar; por magoar meus pais; por me embriagar ou usar drogas; por pecar contra minha pureza; por cometer adultério; por praticar o aborto; por furtar ou mentir; hoje perdôo a mim mesmo de verdade. Abandono toda negatividade a mim mesmo. Hoje abandono as coisas que guardei contra mim mesmo e faço as pazes comigo.

Estou diante de vós como intercessor e estendo o perdão a meus ANTEPASSADOS por atos de negatividade e desamor. Venho diante de vós, Senhor, em nome de todos os que estão em minha árvore genealógica e peço desculpas por todos os atos pecaminosos. Que o perdão jorre por minha árvore genealógica. Que hoje as feridas do passado sejam curadas por meu ato de perdão. Obrigado, Senhor.



Senhor, perdôo minha MÃE. Eu a perdôo pelas vezes que me magoou, ficou ressentida comigo ou me puniu injustamente. Eu a perdôo por preferir meus irmãos e irmãs; eu a perdôo por me dizer que eu era bobo, feio, estúpido, o pior dos filhos, ou que eu dava muita despesa à família. Eu a perdôo por me rejeitar, abandonar, ou por tentar me abortar. Eu a perdôo por me dizer que eu era indesejável, uma desgraça ou um erro. Eu a perdôo por qualquer falta de sustento, qualquer falta de carinho e de beijos. Pelo modo como ela não me deu uma benção materna profunda e satisfatória, eu a perdôo hoje. Rezo por ela, hoje, e peço que Deus a abençoe.



Perdôo meu PAI. Eu te perdôo qualquer falta de apoio, de companheirismo; eu perdôo por beber, por castigar com severidade, pelo abuso sexual, pela deserção ou pela infidelidade a minha mãe. Eu o perdôo por não demonstrar seu amor; pela falta de abraços e beijos, ternura e intimidade. Pelo modo como não recebi uma benção paterna profunda e satisfatória, eu o perdôo hoje. Rezo por ele, hoje e peço que Deus o abençoe.



Perdôo minhas IRMÃS e meus IRMÃOS por quaisquer atos de desamor e negatividade. Perdôo os que me rejeitaram, mentiram a meu respeito, ressentiram-se comigo, causaram-me danos físicos ou competiram pelo amor de meus pais. Perdôo todos os meus PARENTES CONSANGÜÍNEOS pelos danos causados a nossa família. Perdôo todos os meus PARENTES AFINS por quaisquer abusos e expressões de negatividade e desamor. Rezo por eles e peço que Deus os abençoe.



Perdôo meu MARIDO ou a minha ESPOSA pela falta de amor, de afeto, de consideração, de apoio ou de comunicação; Perdôo-lhe as faltas, os fracassos e as fraquezas. Peço que Deus o (a) abençoe hoje.

Hoje perdôo meus FILHOS. Perdôo-lhes a falta de respeito, a falta de obediência, a falta de amor, a falta de atenção, a falta de entendimento. Perdôo-lhes os maus hábitos, qualquer ato que me perturbou. Rezo por eles e peço que Deus as abençoe.



Perdôo meus AMIGOS. Eu os perdôo por me deixarem na mão, mexericarem a meu respeito, tomarem dinheiro emprestado e não me devolverem ou por incentivarem um comportamento pecaminoso. Rezo por eles e peço a Deus que os abençoe.

Perdôo meus VIZINHOS. Por quaisquer atos de negatividade, pela falta de consideração, pelo preconceito, por fazerem pouco da vizinhança, eu os perdôo hoje. Rezo por eles e peço que Deus os abençoe.



Perdôo aos PADRES, aos BISPOS, às FREIRAS e ao PAPA a falta de apoio, a falta de afabilidade, a mesquinhez, os maus sermões e quaisquer danos que possam ter causado. Rezo por eles e peço a Deus os abençoe.



Perdôo meu PATRÃO. Eu o perdôo por não me pagar o suficiente, por não apreciar meu trabalho, por ser indelicado e pouco razoável, por se zangar ou ser inamistoso, por não me promover, por não me congratular por meu trabalho. Rezo por meu patrão, hoje, e peço que Deus o abençoe.



Perdôo todos os PROFISSIONAIS. Perdôo os ADVOGADOS por qualquer dano que tenham causado. Perdôo os PROFESSORES por me humilharem e imporem castigos injustos; pela falta de cordialidade; por não incentivarem meu potencial. Perdôo MÉDICOS, ENFERMEIROS e outros PROFISSIONAIS DA SAÚDE por me tratarem injustamente. Rezo por eles e peço que Deus os abençoe.



Perdôo os que trabalham no SERVIÇO PÚBLICO. Perdôo os que aprovaram leis contrárias aos valores cristãos. Perdôo os POLICIAIS por quaisquer abusos. Rezo por eles, hoje, e peço que Deus os abençoe.



Pai celeste, agora perdôo todos os membros da SOCIEDADE que me tenham magoado de alguma forma. Perdôo os que me rejeitaram ou prejudicaram por meio de ato criminoso, agressão sexual ou atos obscenos. Perdôo os estranhos e anônimos perpetradores do mal na sociedade. Perdôo os que me enganaram ou difamaram meu caráter. Perdôo aqueles a quem não posso me dirigir pessoalmente e enfrentar com minha ira: o ladrão que fugiu, o deflorador, o assassino, os desconhecidos transmissores de doenças, os agressores em tempo de guerra. Rezo por eles, hoje, e peço que Deus os abençoe.



Pai celeste, agora perdôo por um ato minha vontade a PESSOA QUE MAIS ME PREJUDICOU NA VIDA. A que é mais difícil de perdoar, decido perdoar agora. Também faço as pazes com o membro da família, o amigo e o membro do clero que mais me prejudicaram na vida. Rezo por eles, hoje, peço que Deus os abençoe. Agradeço-vos, Pai celeste, por nos libertar. Em nome de Jesus.



Amém
.





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ageofdestruction:400 block, west corporation street, durham,...





ageofdestruction:



400 block, west corporation street, durham, north carolina.


google street view study / the promise fulfilled and the promise broken.


animation: ageofdestruction.



age
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sailorlunita:This is happening in Mexico RIGHT NOW. This is...

























sailorlunita:



This is happening in Mexico RIGHT NOW. This is horrific. Don’t forget about Mexico. Look up #ceteg and #Acapulco on facebook and twitter for more information.



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Gold drinking cup from Ur, southern Iraq. About 2600-2400 BCE....





Gold drinking cup from Ur, southern Iraq. About 2600-2400 BCE. Excavated objects and texts show there was long-distance trade between Sumer (including the city of Ur) and the Persian Gulf region, Iran, Afghanistan, and the cities of the Indus Valley during this period. The gold in this cup was imported, likely from Turkey or Iran, as the Mesopotamia river valleys have no natural gold deposits.


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February 25, 1870: America’s First Black Senator Is Sworn...





February 25, 1870: America’s First Black Senator Is Sworn In


Hiram Rhodes Revels, the country’s first African American member of U.S. Congress, took his seat on this day in 1870, representing the state of Mississippi. Southern Democrats, who were for the most part supporters of segregation, tried to block his nomination.


Revel’s term lasted a little more than a year. He impressed many political observers with his oratorical gifts and moderate temperament.


Dive deeper into the story behind Revel’s election with Henry Louis Gates, Jr.’s The African Americans: Many Rivers to Cross.


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plannedparenthood: You know your body best, but you might be...





plannedparenthood:



You know your body best, but you might be curious about what birth control your doctor or nurse uses. This study shows that the IUD is the clear winner among family planning providers. Have you talked with your doctor or nurse about birth control lately?


Graphic in partnership with bedsider



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Chicago in Winter



From the International Space Station (ISS), European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti took this photograph of Chicago and posted it to social media on Feb. 19, 2015. She wrote, "How do you like #Chicago dressed for winter?" Crewmembers on the space station photograph the Earth from their unique point of view located 200 miles above the surface as part of the Crew Earth Observations program. Photographs record how the planet is changing over time, from human-caused changes like urban growth and reservoir construction, to natural dynamic events such as hurricanes, floods and volcanic eruptions. Astronauts have used hand-held cameras to photograph the Earth for more than 40 years, beginning with the Mercury missions in the early 1960s. The ISS maintains an altitude between 220 - 286 miles (354 - 460 km) above the Earth, and an orbital inclination of 51.6˚, providing an excellent stage for observing most populated areas of the world. Image Credit: NASA/ESA/Samantha Cristoforetti



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http://ift.tt/1EQcm0k can’t beat a good decision...





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You can’t beat a good decision tree. :-)



(By Matthew Partridge via http://ift.tt/1vyDGQR)


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Today we’ve got five amazing Archimedes quotes.

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"It was well remarked by an intelligent old farmer, ‘I would rather be taxed for the education of the..."

“It was well remarked by an intelligent old farmer, ‘I would rather be taxed for the education of the boy, than the ignorance of the man. For one or the other I am compelled to pay.”



- Southern Cultivator, January 1848
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TAROT DO AMOR – SOBRE VOCÊ O EREMITA INVERTIDO

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