Toghon Temür was installed as the tenth emperor of the Yuan dynasty in 1333, aged just 13 years old. He is also remembered as the last Khagan (khan or emperor) of the Mongol Empire. A series of natural disasters occurred in his reign, and he helped things go downhill by being especially interested in mixing pleasure and religious matters – such as practicing obscure sexual/magical rites from Tibet. Unsurprisingly he was deeply unpopular. Even his son plotted to overthrow him!
But in the end, it was native Chinese rebellions that did him in, the last and most successful of which is today known as the Red Turban Rebellion. Toghon Temür was forced to flee China for the Mongolian steppes, where the Yuan retained control, and the Ming were installed as the next (ethnically Chinese) dynasty in China.
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