TODAY IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
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A cauda de um dinossauro de 99 milhões de anos de idade, incluindo os ossos, tecidos moles e até mesmo penas, foi encontrada preservada em âmbar, de acordo com um artigo da revista Current Biology.
Esta é a primeira vez que os cientistas são capazes de associar claramente penas bem preservadas com um dinossauro, e por sua vez obter uma melhor compreensão da evolução e estrutura das penas de dinossauros.
Com base na estrutura da cauda, os pesquisadores acreditam que pertence a um jovem coelurosaur, parte de um grupo de dinossauros terópodes que inclui, desde tiranossauros, aos pássaros modernos.
A presença de vértebras da cauda articulada na amostra permitiu aos pesquisadores descartar a possibilidade de que as penas pertenciam a um pássaro pré-histórico.
Embora seja coberto de penas, o dinossauro provavelmente teria sido incapaz de voar. Em vez disso, essas penas podem ter servido uma função de sinalização ou desempenhado um papel para estabilizar a temperatura do animal.
Private access to water in ancient Rome was expensive. Homeowners who could afford running water paid for it based on the diameter of their access pipe. Unsurprisingly, people cheated. They often installed larger pipes than what had been paid for. This scam prompted the invention of the “calix” – a sleeved pipe which was put into the wall not by the homeowners, and which was decorated to prevent forgeries or alterations. Despite the calixes, crafty Romans still found a way to get their water cheaper. Some tried to steal water from the aqueducts directly, siphoning it off themselves or bribing the aquarii (specialized aqueduct workers) to siphon off water for them. All these practices were known as “fraus aquariorum” or plumbing fraud.
Surgeon Al-Zahrawi (936–1013 CE) from Cordoba in the Muslim kingdom of al-Andalus, was one of the most famous physicians of the middle ages. He invented many medical instruments, and wrote the first surgical textbook which included illustrations like the one above. It was not just a textbook, however. The Kitab al-Tasrif is a 30-chapter treatise on multiple areas of medicine, including surgery, dentistry, and childbirth.
Moças cheias de pimenta, sem dúvidas a pimenteira é uma planta poderosa, utilizada em muitas simpatias e feitiços. Veja também: 18 Poderosas Simpatias com pimenta |
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On this day in 1294, Pope Celestine V resigned the papacy. Born Pietro Da Morrone in 1215, he was a Benedictine monk until he left that life to become a hermit, living in the Abruzzi mountains. Morrone attracted a following who admired his humble way of life, and he became the leader of a group of hermits called the Celestines. In 1294, when he was nearly eighty, Morrone was elected pope, and reluctantly accepted the role, taking the name of Celestine. The new pope was unprepared for his new position, and only accepted the role for the stability of the church, which had been without a pope for two years as the cardinals had failed to unite behind a candidate. Celestine V struggled with the practical duties of the papacy, and split with the cardinals. After only five months in office, Celestine V resigned to return to his life of asceticism. However, the new pope - Boniface VIII - refused to allow the former pope to return to his old life, choosing to keep Celestine under supervision. Celestine was captured and held at Fumone Castle, remaining there until his death in 1296. Pope Celestine V was canonised in May 1313.