ON THIS DAY IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY (19th February 1473)
Nicolaus Copernicus was born.
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18 fevereiro 2015
Dark Craters and Bright Spots Revealed on Asteroid Ceres
What are those bright spots on asteroid Ceres? As the robotic spacecraft Dawn approaches the largest asteroid in the asteroid belt, the puzzle only deepens. Sharper new images taken last week and released yesterday indicate, as expected, that most of the surface of dwarf planet Ceres is dark and heavily cratered like our Moon and the planet Mercury. The new images do not clearly indicate, however, the nature of comparatively bright spots -- although more of them are seen to exist. The enigmatic spots were first noticed on Texas-sized Ceres a few weeks ago during Dawn's approach. The intriguing mystery might well be solved quickly as Dawn continues to advance toward Ceres, being on schedule to enter orbit on March 6.
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"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn."
“Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.”
- Benjamin Franklin
- Benjamin Franklin
Cannabis ‘munchies’ Besides making a bongo drum...
Besides making a bongo drum sound inexplicably magical and enhancing a person’s ability to talk nonsense for extended periods of time, generations of cannabis smokers will recognise the “munchies” as one of the drug’s most reliable side-effects.
Now scientists have shown that the insatiable urge to eat after smoking is caused by cannabinoids hijacking brain cells that normally suppress appetite. The study suggests that cannabis causes the brain to produce a different set of chemicals that transform the feeling of fullness into a hunger that is never quite satisfied.
Scientists believe the findings, which illuminate a previously unknown aspect of the brain’s feeding circuitry, could help design new drugs that would boost or suppress appetite at will.
Tamas Horvath, who led the work at Yale University, said: “By observing how the appetite centre of the brain responds to marijuana, we were able to see what drives the hunger brought about by cannabis and how that same mechanism that normally turns off feeding becomes a driver of eating. It’s like pressing a car’s brakes and accelerating instead.”
Scientists have previously shown that activating a cannabinoid receptor in the brain, called CB1R, tends to trigger an increased desire to eat. Until now, however, it was not known which bits of the brain’s appetite circuitry were involved. The latest study tested this in mice, by injecting cannabinoids into the brain and monitoring which neurons were activated in response.
The research, published in Nature, unexpectedly showed that activity was boosted in a group of nerve cells called POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) neurons, which normally produce feelings of satiety.
“We were surprised to find that the neurons we thought were responsible for shutting down eating, were suddenly being activated and promoting hunger, even when you are full,” said Horvath. “It fools the brain’s central feeding system.”
Further investigation showed that the cannabis “subverted” these neurons, causing them to release hunger stimulating chemicals rather than appetite suppressing chemicals, explaining how the drug can produce a sudden urgent desire for a packet of Doritos or a bowl of Coco Pops.
The scientists speculate that cannabinoids “flips the switch” on the neurons by binding to tiny energy-generating organelles inside the cells, called mitochondria, as receptors on the neurons’ surface.
Intriguingly, people who smoke cannabis regularly do not tend to gain weight – if anything they are less likely to be obese. It is not clear whether this is because the “munchies” effect wears off in people who smoke regularly, or whether habitual smokers eat less when not under the influence of the drug.
The scientists are now exploring whether the brain circuitry that produces the “munchies” is also central to the feeling of being “high”.
Previously, Japanese researchers have shown that cannabis appears to interact with taste receptors to enhance the sweet taste in foods, thus boosting certain cravings. Other work has shown that mice given THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), one of the active ingredients in cannabis, had an enhanced sense of smell and an overactive “reward” system, which provides hints to why some people find eating especially gratifying when under the influence.
yourfriendlyneighborhoodsatanist:nowyoukno:Source for more facts...
yourfriendlyneighborhoodsatanist:
Source for more facts follow NowYouKno
we were talking about this in social today. the girl was suspected of dealing drugs and was forced to do a strip search by someone in the school board. she asked to call her mother but they refused source
ageofdestruction:700 block, west 6th street, michigan city,...
700 block, west 6th street, michigan city, indiana.
google street view study.
animation: ageofdestruction.
the promise fulfilled and the promise broken
age
This picture was taken the 1923 Football Association Challenge...
This picture was taken the 1923 Football Association Challenge Cup — better known as the FA Cup — in London. The stadium was so overcrowded that spectators stood around (and on) the field.
Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection) Toxoplasmosis is...
Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma infection)
Toxoplasmosis is considered to be a leading cause of death attributed to foodborne illness in the United States. More than 60 million men, women, and children in the U.S. carry the Toxoplasmaparasite, but very few have symptoms because the immune system usually keeps the parasite from causing illness.
However, women newly infected with Toxoplasma during pregnancy and anyone with a compromised immune system should be aware that toxoplasmosis can have severe consequences.
Toxoplasmosis is considered one of the Neglected Parasitic Infections, a group of five parasitic diseases that have been targeted by CDC for public health action.
Attention followers of nowyoukno,
I deleted a fact about the measles vaccine causing 108 deaths in the US in the past 10 years, while...
Forget the bull you’ve heard about pitbulls, here are some...
Forget the bull you’ve heard about pitbulls, here are some hound heroes!
senorelmeowmeow:This is the most accurate infographic ever No...
This is the most accurate infographic ever
No this is the most ignorant thing I’ve ever seen. This infograph is twisted and part of a much bigger problem. You’re literally spreading stereotypes and trying to sum people up into 3 columns. Fuck off with this, thanks.
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