11 junho 2017
An Unusual Hole in Mars
What created this unusual hole in Mars? Actually, there are numerous holes pictured in this Swiss cheese-like landscape, with all-but-one of them showing a dusty, dark, Martian terrain beneath evaporating, light, carbon-dioxide ice. The most unusual hole is on the upper right, spans about 100-meters, and seems to punch through to a lower level. Why this hole exists and why it is surrounded by a circular crater remains a topic of speculation, although a leading hypothesis is that it was created by a meteor impact. Holes such as this are of particular interest because they might be portals to lower levels that extend into expansive underground caves. If so, these naturally-occurring tunnels are relatively protected from the harsh surface of Mars, making them relatively good candidates to contain Martian life. These pits are therefore prime targets for possible future spacecraft, robots, and even human interplanetary explorers.
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"It frustrates and fascinates me that we’ll never know for sure, that despite the best efforts..."
“It frustrates and fascinates me that we’ll never know for sure, that despite the best efforts of historians and scientists and poets, there are some things we’ll just never know. What the first song sounded like. How it felt to see the first photograph. Who kissed the first kiss, and if it was any good.”
- Isaac Marion, Warm Bodies
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- Isaac Marion, Warm Bodies
Have You Heard of the Paris Massacre of 1961?
In the waning days of the Algerian Revolution, the French National Police attacked Algerians in response to increased bombings in France by the Algerian pro-National Liberation Front (FLN). These attacks were carried out against anyone that looked like they might be from the Magreb – Algerians, but also Tunisians and Libyans and sometimes Italians and Spaniards. Algerians were arrested at work or in the streets. They were beaten, and were thrown into the Seine with their hands tied in order to drown them.
Soon, the head of the French National Police was all but encouraging killings. “For one hit taken we shall give back ten!…You also must be subversive in the war that sets you against others. You will be covered, I give you my word on that.” It was widely understood to be allowing police to murder Algerian immigrants, and the killings increased.
A peaceful demonstration against the repressive measures was organized for October 5th, 1961. The police opened fire on the crowd and charged, leading to several deaths. The raids, violence and drownings would be continued over the following days. Unidentified bodies continued to be discovered along the Seine for several weeks. How many were shot at the demonstration, and how many were killed in the ongoing repression, is still disputed through today. Possibly because many of the records were destroyed. And there was no media coverage at the time. In addition, besides a trial for the head of the French National Police thirty years later, no one was ever formally charged for attacking or murdering Algerians. It was a massacre, carried out in the heart of a modern democracy, and no one knows about it.
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