TODAY IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
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21 dezembro 2016
Devshirme was the practice of taking Christian boys, between the...
Devshirme was the practice of taking Christian boys, between the ages of 8 and 18, from conquered Christian regions in the Ottoman Empire. They were circumcised, converted to Islam, and trained to be soldiers called Janissaries who were completely loyal to the emperor. To help ensure their singular loyalty, they were forbidden to engage in trade or to marry. The practice lasted from the 1300s to 1648.
This Week in NASA History: First Crewed Saturn V Mission Launches -- Dec. 21, 1968
This Week in NASA History: First Crewed Apollo Mission Launches -- Dec. 21, 1968
This week in 1968, Apollo 8, the first crewed Apollo mission, launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Dec. 21, 1968. Here, the S-IC stage is being erected for final assembly of the Saturn V launch vehicle in Kennedy's Vehicle Assembly Building.
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December 21st 1913: First crossword puzzleOn this day in 1913,...
First crossword
Punch cartoon mocking cross-word mania
December 21st 1913: First crossword puzzle
On this day in 1913, the New York World published the first modern crossword puzzle, devised by English journalist Arthur Wynne. While various forms of crossword had appeared in print as early as the eighteenth-century, Wynne’s design is the closest to the modern crossword, and launched the popularity of the puzzle. Wynne was an onion farmer in England before he became a journalist and emigrated to America, eventually becoming editor of the New York World. Seeking to fill a spare space in the Christmas edition of the paper, Wynne designed a puzzle which he called a ‘word-cross’. The puzzles continued in the paper, and steadily became more popular, leading Simon and Schuster to publish the first book of crosswords in 1924. Crosswords arrived in British newspapers in the 1920s, prompting what Punch magazine jokingly called a ‘cross-word mania’. Some sceptics in newspapers scorned what they saw as childish games rather than genuine intellectual challenges, and hoped that crosswords were a short-lived fad. They were, however, sorely mistaken, for crosswords remained a popular puzzle. Indeed, during the Second World War the crosswords in The Daily Telegraph caused a national security alarm when codenames related to the D-Day plans appeared as solutions. Crosswords continue to be popular, and have since evolved into more difficult incarnations, including the cryptic crossword.
Sharpless 308: Star Bubble
Blown by fast winds from a hot, massive star, this cosmic bubble is huge. Cataloged as Sharpless 2-308 it lies some 5,200 light-years away toward the constellation of the Big Dog (Canis Major) and covers slightly more of the sky than a full moon. That corresponds to a diameter of 60 light-years at its estimated distance. The massive star that created the bubble, a Wolf-Rayet star, is the bright one near the center of the nebula. Wolf-Rayet stars have over 20 times the mass of the Sun and are thought to be in a brief, pre-supernova phase of massive star evolution. Fast winds from this Wolf-Rayet star create the bubble-shaped nebula as they sweep up slower moving material from an earlier phase of evolution. The windblown nebula has an age of about 70,000 years. Relatively faint emission captured in the expansive image is dominated by the glow of ionized oxygen atoms mapped to a blue hue.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt, George HW Bush, and George W Bush are descendants of Mayflower passenger...
Franklin D. Roosevelt, George HW Bush, and George W Bush are descendants of Mayflower passenger John Howland. Winston Churchill is a descendant of John Howland’s brother, Arthur Howland.
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