TODAY IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY
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20 setembro 2016
The Helix Nebula in Infrared
What makes this cosmic eye look so red? Dust. The featured image from the robotic Spitzer Space Telescope shows infrared light from the well-studied Helix Nebula (NGC 7293) a mere 700 light-years away in the constellation of the Water Carrier Aquarius. The two light-year diameter shroud of dust and gas around a central white dwarf has long been considered an excellent example of a planetary nebula, representing the final stages in the evolution of a Sun-like star. But the Spitzer data show the nebula's central star itself is immersed in a surprisingly bright infrared glow. Models suggest the glow is produced by a dust debris disk. Even though the nebular material was ejected from the star many thousands of years ago, the close-in dust could have been generated by collisions in a reservoir of objects analogous to our own solar system's Kuiper Belt or cometary Oort cloud. Had the comet-like bodies formed in the distant planetary system, they would have survived even the dramatic late stages of the star's evolution.
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Memphis, the most ancient capital of a united Egypt and the...
Memphis, the most ancient capital of a united Egypt and the sacred heart of the country, should actually be called Men-nefer. Memphis is the Greek version of the Egyptian name. The Egyptian name Men-nefer might be related to the pyramid of Pharaoh Pepi I which was built near the city. Pepi lived in the 2,200s BCE, and the city was founded around 3100 BCE, so the odds are good that the city had an even older name. According to Manetho, who was an Egyptian priest and scholar around 250 BCE, one of the ancient names for the city was Inebhedj, or “the white wall.” (The city had a sacred white retaining wall surrounding it.) Another name Manetho mentions is Hut-ka-Ptah, or “mansion of the ka of Ptah.” Since Memphis was sacred to Ptah throughout its history, and was a central site of Ptah’s worship, the name makes some sense. Interestingly, this second name might have been corrupted by Greek-speakers to Aegyptia, leading to our modern name Egypt.
Iceman’s Clothing Helps Date Domesticated Animals’ Arrival In Europe
Thanks to a genetic analysis of Otzi the Iceman’s clothing, we now know that the sheepskins he was wearing were more closely related to today’s domesticated sheep than wild sheep. That means 5,300 years ago humans in Europe had domesticated sheep. Given that the species was first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent around 10,500 years ago, Otzi’s clothing gives us a better timeline of when the new and useful species made it to Europe.
Space Station Flight Over the Southern Tip of Italy
The southern tip of Italy is visible in this image taken by the Expedition 49 crew aboard the International Space Station on Sept. 17, 2016. The brightly lit city of Naples can be seen in the bottom section of the image. A Russian Soyuz spacecraft can be seen in the foreground.
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