26 janeiro 2017
January 26th 1950: Indian Constitution enactedOn this day in...
January 26th 1950: Indian Constitution enacted
On this day in 1950, the Indian Constitution came into effect, thus founding the Republic of India. The struggle for independence from British colonial rule had been ongoing for many years, characterised by the non-violent resistance led by Mohandas Gandhi. In 1947, these efforts came to fruition, with the Partition of India creating the two independent nations of India and Pakistan. However, the transition to independence was not a smooth one, and religious violence was commonplace in the years after partition. In an effort to stabilise the new Indian state, the India Constituent Assembly adopted a new constitution in 1949. It was decided that the constitution would be enacted on January 26th to commemorate the 1930 Declaration of Independence on the same day, which resolved the Indian parliament to fight for self-rule. The 448-article document provided for a government based on the British parliamentary system, with elections every five years, and enshrined the principles of universal adult suffrage and equality. Unlike Britain, India was to be a republic, with a President holding a ceremonial head of state role. The new republic’s first President was Rajendra Prasad. Jawaharlal Nehru served as Indian Prime Minister until his death in 1964, having led the nation through a very turbulent time, and was succeeded by Lal Bahadur Shastri. Nehru’s daughter, the famous Indira Gandhi, went on to become a four-term Prime Minister. This day is commemorated in India every year as Republic Day.
Eminent Women in Psychology
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January 1986 - Voyager 2 Flyby of Miranda
Uranus' moon Miranda is shown in a computer-assembled mosaic of images obtained Jan. 24, 1986, by the Voyager 2 spacecraft. Miranda is the innermost and smallest of the five major Uranian satellites, just 480 kilometers (about 300 miles) in diameter. Nine images were combined to obtain this full-disc, south-polar view.
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Saber-toothed cats first appeared about 42 million years ago....
Saber-toothed cats first appeared about 42 million years ago. There were many species of them and most of those species had died before humans first appeared. However, it is believed that the first humans coming to the Americas could have come across two different species of saber-toothed cats, Smilodon fatalis and Smilodon populator. Based on fossil evidence, we know they ranged in size. But these cats could be as big as an African lion, which is the biggest wild lion living today. They also could weigh as much as the biggest subspecies of tiger, the Siberian tiger. With their size came great strength. The smilodons could take down much bigger animals than themselves, like mammoths. A human was probably easy prey by comparison.
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