28 fevereiro 2017
A White Oval Cloud on Jupiter from Juno
This storm cloud on Jupiter is almost as large as the Earth. Known as a white oval, the swirling cloud is a high pressure system equivalent to an Earthly anticyclone. The cloud is one of a "string of pearls" ovals south of Jupiter's famous Great Red Spot. Possibly, the Great Red Spot is just a really large white oval that turned red. Surrounding clouds show interesting turbulence as they flow around and past the oval. The featured image was captured on February 2 as NASA's robotic spacecraft Juno made a new pass just above the cloud tops of the Jovian world. Over the next few years, Juno will continue to orbit and probe Jupiter, determine atmospheric water abundance, and attempt to determine if Jupiter has a solid surface beneath its thick clouds.
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February 28th 1953: Watson and Crick discover DNA structureOn...
February 28th 1953: Watson and Crick discover DNA structure
On this day in 1953, scientists James D. Watson and Francis Crick discovered the chemical structure of DNA. They made the discovery of the double helix structure while building a cardboard model of the molecule in their laboratory at Cambridge University. Their model of DNA was based on an X-ray diffraction image taken by Rosalind Franklin and the fact that DNA bases are paired; due to her gender, Franklin is often forgotten in narratives of scientific history. Watson and Crick first announced their discovery to friends and it was not formally announced to the wider scientific community until April 25th. Watson, Crick and Maurice Wilkins were jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their discoveries. The discovery was a groundbreaking moment for science, and lay the foundations for the research into DNA and the investigation of human genetics.
“We have found the secret of life.”
- Francis Crick
What's your favorite time period to read about and why
Great question! My academic area of expertise is nineteenth century United States, around the time of the Civil War. I find it fascinating because it was such a pivotal moment in America’s transition from revolutionary colony to global superpower. Plus, my dissertations examined fringe religious movements, and there were lots of them during the nineteenth century!
While I’ve never studied it properly I also really like Japanese history, especially the period of isolation and its dramatic end with the Meiji Restoration. It’s so interesting how they just suddenly decided to break with historic traditions and adopt of a ‘modern’ way of life.
As a Brit myself, I also like reading about twentieth century Britain. After WW2 the empire continued to fall apart and Britain faced such an identity crisis as it sought to establish its role in a postcolonial world. It certainly wasn’t always pretty, but it’s an important moment in my country’s history.
Thanks for the question!
Captain Morgan (yes, the Captain Morgan the rum is named after) was not quite a pirate. He sailed...
Captain Morgan (yes, the Captain Morgan the rum is named after) was not quite a pirate. He sailed as a legally sanctioned privateer of the British Government to pillage Spanish galleons. Captain Morgan was so successful, King George II eventually knighted him!
"We speak of a manly man, but not of a whaley whale. If you wanted to dissuade a man from drinking..."
- G.K. Chesterton, The Religious Doubts of Democracy, 1903
Glaciers Ebb on South Georgia Island
Frequent cloud cover in the southern Atlantic Ocean often obscures satellite images of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands. But occasionally the clouds give way. On September 14, 2016, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on Landsat 8 captured natural-color images of South Georgia Island, where several glaciers are in retreat.
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Classic quote from eminent polymath and celebrated thinker...
Classic quote from eminent polymath and celebrated thinker Francis Bacon.
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Crianças assustadas com ‘goblin’ na Argentina
Imagens estranhas publicadas online mostram uma misteriosa criatura rastejando em direção a alguns jovens.
O incidente peculiar teria ocorrido na cidade de Santiago del Estero, onde o grupo de crianças estavam chutando uma bola em torno de um campo de futebol num parque local.
De repente, um dos meninos (que estavam filmando o jogo) avistou algo estranho rastejando em direção a eles na grama ao longe. Ao aproximar-se para olhar mais de perto, ele gritou e todo o grupo fugiu do parque o mais rápido que podia.
Segundo relatos, a mãe de um dos meninos descreveu o encontro como “paranormal” e afirma que seu filho agora está com muito medo de voltar ao campo de futebol.
Exatamente o que estava rastejando no vídeo, no entanto, continua a permanecer um mistério.
*Goblins são criaturas geralmente verdes que se assemelham a duendes. Fazem parte do folclore nórdico, nas lendas eles vivem fazendo brincadeiras de mau gosto. Podem ser equiparadas aos trasgos e tardos do folclore português.
27 fevereiro 2017
Founding the Antibiotic Era
The antibiotic era as we know it today started with syphilis. Yes, the face-ravaging, sanity-altering sexually transmitted infection. At the turn of the 19th century, syphilis was endemic and almost incurable. Caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidium, syphilis was usually treated with inorganic mercury salts. But mercury salts treatment had extremely severe and unpleasant side effects and did not usually work very well. Paul Erlich thought there might be a better way. His idea of a “magic bullet” that selectively targets only disease-causing microbes, and not the human housing those microbes, was based on scientists noticing that aniline and other synthetic dyes, which first were produced in the late 1800s, could stain some specific microbes but not others. Paul Ehrlich argued that special chemical compounds could be created which would “be able to exert their full action exclusively on the parasite harbored within the organism.“ This idea of Erlich’s led him to begin a large-scale and systematic screening program (as we would call it today) in 1904 to find a drug against syphilis.
Paul Erlich and his colleagues synthesized hundreds of derivatives of the highly toxic drug Atoxyl and tested them, over and over, in syphilis-infected rabbits. Finally, in 1909 they came across the sixth compound in the 600th series tested, which they numbered 606, which cured syphilis-infected rabbits. Eureka! Further limited trials showed that 606 could possibly work in human patients too. The drug was marketed under the name Salvarsan, was a great success. Soon a less toxic version called Neosalvarsan was invented. The two enjoyed the status of the most frequently prescribed drug (in the Western World) until their replacement by penicillin in the 1940s.
Tar Chewing Gum?
In one form or another, chewing gum has existed for a really long time — around 5,000 years, in fact. The oldest known chewing gum was discovered on a dig in Finland. It dates back to the Neolithic age, around 3000 BCE. This “chewing gum” would not be recognizable today. It was just a lump made out of birch bark tar, but it did have clear tooth imprints in it. Even back then, chewing gum had a medical benefit. The birch bark contained phenols with antiseptic properties, so the chewing gum was likely used to treat gum infections
February 27th 1933: Reichstag fireOn this day in 1933, the...
February 27th 1933: Reichstag fire
On this day in 1933, the Reichstag building in Berlin, which housed the German Parliament, was set on fire. The Nazi government of Adolf Hitler then ordered a thorough hunt to track down the arsonist. The police identified the perpetrator as Marinus van der Lubbe, a Dutch communist; he and four other Communist leaders were arrested for their supposed role in the blaze. The Nazis used the event as evidence of a Communist plot in Germany, and Hitler urged President Hindenburg to pass an emergency decree to counter the Communist threat. This Reichstag Fire Decree gave Hitler considerable powers, and is considered a pivotal moment in Hitler’s consolidation of power into a one-party dictatorship. Van der Lubbe was found guilty and executed by guillotine on January 10th 1934. However, his role has been questioned by historians with some even suggesting he was not responsible and that the fire was ordered by the Nazis themselves.
Haast’s Eagle is the largest known eagle to have ever...
Haast’s Eagle is the largest known eagle to have ever existed. The largest of them could weigh 15 kg (33 lbs) and have a wingspan of up to 3 m (9.8 ft). They were so big because their prey on the south island of New Zealand was the flightless moa birds, who were also large – up to 230 kg (510 lbs). Haast’s Eagle went extinct in New Zealand around 1400. Not because of humans – or at least, not directly. The first Māori hunted moas into extinction, and without their main food source, Haast’s Eagles quickly followed.
Images of the Sun From the GOES-16 Satellite
These images of the sun were captured at the same time on January 29, 2017 by the six channels on the Solar Ultraviolet Imager or SUVI instrument aboard NOAA’s GOES-16 satellite. Data from SUVI will provide an estimation of coronal plasma temperatures and emission measurements which are important to space weather forecasting.
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26 fevereiro 2017
A Supercell Thunderstorm Cloud Over Montana
Is that a spaceship or a cloud? Although it may seem like an alien mothership, it's actually a impressive thunderstorm cloud called a supercell. Such colossal storm systems center on mesocyclones -- rotating updrafts that can span several kilometers and deliver torrential rain and high winds including tornadoes. Jagged sculptured clouds adorn the supercell's edge, while wind swept dust and rain dominate the center. A tree waits patiently in the foreground. The above supercell cloud was photographed in 2010 July west of Glasgow, Montana, USA, caused minor damage, and lasted several hours before moving on.
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ORAÇÃO FORTE E PERIGOSA PARA TRAZER AMOR DE VOLTA
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In the early 1500s, a rhinoceros arrived in Lisbon as a gift...
In the early 1500s, a rhinoceros arrived in Lisbon as a gift from an Indian ruler to the Portuguese king Manuel. As the first rhino in Europe since Roman times, it caused quite a stir. The German artist Albrecht Durer created a woodcut which was based on the letters and sketches he received about the fabulous new rhinoceros. Durer’s woodcut became THE rhinoceros, and circulated around Europe for the next two hundred years. This is despite its many inaccuracies—scaly legs, armored rivets, a gorget, and, perhaps most puzzlingly, a horn on the creature’s back. Oops!
King Manuel arranged a battle between the rhinoceros and a captive elephant, to test Pliny the Elder’s assertion that those two animals were “natural enemies.” Unfortunately, in a complete anticlimax, the creatures shied away from each other and refused to fight. King Manuel, disappointed, gifted the rhinoceros to the Pope. Great way to cover up his pseudo-scientific experiment’s failure! Sadly, the ship transporting the rhinoceros sank, and the animal drowned before reaching Rome. But the rhino lived on, in Durer’s woodcut.
antikythera-astronomy:From astrophysicist Katie Mack. I’m 100%...
Happy birthday John Bowlby. Born February 26, 1907.VISIT...
Happy birthday John Bowlby. Born February 26, 1907.
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February 26th 1993: World Trade Center bombingOn this day in...
February 26th 1993: World Trade Center bombing
On this day in 1993, a truck bomb was detonated below the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The bomb was intended to knock the North Tower into the South Tower to destroy them both, but this did not occur. The attack still killed six people, including a pregnant woman, and injured over one thousand. The terrorist attack was planned by a group of conspirators and masterminded by Ramzi Yousef. In 1994, four men were convicted of carrying out the bombing and two more were convicted in 1997. The group were funded by Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who would go on to be the principal co-ordinator behind the destruction of the Twin Towers on September 11th 2001. The memorial to the victims of the 1993 attack was destroyed on 9/11, but they are currently memorialised at the North Pool of the National 9/11 Memorial, opened in 2011.
“It felt like an airplane hit the building”
- eye-witness Bruce Pomper on the 1993 attack
Police Dog Training at the Citadel, Warsaw, 1929
25 fevereiro 2017
Latin American countries, and when they became independent...
February 25th 1947: Prussia ceases to existOn this day in 1947,...
February 25th 1947: Prussia ceases to exist
On this day in 1947, the state of Prussia, which had existed since 1525, ceased to exist. Prussia was a German kingdom, and in the nineteenth century became its most powerful state, rising in strength to challenge other established European powers. Otto von Bismarck aimed to unite all German states under the domination of Prussia, which was achieved through the German Unification Wars (Austro-Prussian War 1866 & Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871). As Prussia merged with Germany it lost its distinctive identity and in 1918 the royalty abdicated and nobility lost most of its political power. Under Nazi rule, Prussia lost its identity even more, with centralisation policies removing its autonomy. Prussia lost some territory in the post-war division of Germany into zones and the Western allies sought its full abolition. This was secured in Law 46 by the Allied Control Council, citing Prussia’s association with past militarism as the reason. Former Prussian territory was then re-organised. Prussia has since been vilified by Germans as a symbol of the militarism and obedience that led to the Nazi rise to power.
Vem aí novo baralho do tarot do amor! A carta para o seu companheiro
O que será que as cartas dizem sobre a pessoa amada? Iremos descobrir em breve!
No tarot do amor, aqui no Magia do Bem!
E faça uma consulta grátis agora com o nosso jogo de tarot amor, basta clicar:
Tarot do amor grátis!
February 24th 1803: Marbury v. MadisonOn this day in 1803, in...
February 24th 1803: Marbury v. Madison
On this day in 1803, in the case Marbury v. Madison the US Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review and gave the Court the power to declare laws ‘unconstitutional’. The principle was outlined in the majority opinion by Chief Justice John Marshall, the words of which are inscribed on the wall of the Supreme Court building. The case arose when Justice of the Peace for District of Columbia William Marbury was not delivered his commission documents which officially granted his title. The Court would not force the then Secretary of State James Madison to deliver them, but held that the provision of the 1789 Judiciary Act allowing Marbury to bring his claim to the Court was itself unconstitutional as it extended the Court’s constitutional jurisdiction. On February 24th, the Court ruled unanimously to this effect. The decision gave the Supreme Court the power to interpret the constitution and strike down laws as ‘unconstitutional’. Since then, the Court have made many high-profile rulings branding things unconstitutional, including school segregation in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), school prayer in Engel v. Vitale (1962) and teaching creationism in science lessons in Edwards v. Aguillard (1987).
February 23rd 303: Great Persecution beginsOn this day in 303,...
February 23rd 303: Great Persecution begins
On this day in 303, the Roman Emperor Diocletian began the systematic persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. It was this day that Diocletian ordered the total destruction of the new Christian church in Nicomedia, demanding the building and its scriptures to be burned and its treasures seized. The following day Diocletian issued an ‘Edict Against the Christians’; the persecution of Christians had begun. Christians had been targeted throughout the history of the empire, but violence was at its fiercest between 303 and 313. The campaign did not end with Diocletian’s retirement in 305, as his successors continued what he had begun (though to varying degrees of intensity). The persecution saw the execution of Christians, the rescinding of their legal rights and the requirement that they embrace traditional Roman polytheistic religion. The persecution is generally considered to have ended with the 313 Edict of Milan issued by the converted Christian Emperor Constantine.
Alfred Stieglitz’s The Glow of Night - New York, 1897....
Alfred Stieglitz’s The Glow of Night - New York, 1897. Electric lights were still a new phenomenon: a test of 23 electric arc lamps first lit up a stretch of Broadway in Manhattan in 1880. Lamps to light streets and bridges were still being put in place around the city when this photograph was taken, seventeen years later. Courtesy of the Getty Museum.
24 fevereiro 2017
Zealândia é o oitavo continente do mundo?
Apesar de estar quase inteiramente submerso pelo mar, a Zealândia poderia ser logo reconhecida como um continente.
Os sete continentes – Ásia, África, América do Norte, América do Sul, Europa, Oceania e Antártica – foram reconhecidos há séculos, mas agora parece cada vez mais provável que a Zealândia – uma massa terrestre a leste da Austrália – também seja.
Os cientistas conhecem este novo continente durante anos, mas 94% de sua massa de terra subaquática tem provado ser bastante difícil de estudar.
Agora, porém, os pesquisadores publicaram um novo artigo na revista GSA Today que poderia levar a Zealândia a ser formalmente reconhecida como um continente distinto em seu próprio direito.
“O valor científico de classificar Zealândia como um continente é muito mais do que apenas um nome extra em uma lista” a equipe escreveu. “Que um continente pode ser tão submerso, mas não fragmentado o torna útil (…) na exploração da coesão e dissolução da crosta continental”.
Abrangendo uma região de cinco milhões de quilômetros quadrados, Zealândia foi pensada para ter se separado da Austrália e, em seguida, afundado sob as ondas entre 60 e 85 milhões de anos.
“Este é um grande pedaço de terreno que estamos falando, mesmo submerso”, disse o co-autor Nick Mortimer.
Marte pode estar lentamente formando um sistema de anel
Marte pode não ser o lugar mais óbvio para procurar anéis, mas que em breve isso poderia mudar.
Os cientistas há muito acreditam que ao longo de vários milhões de anos, as duas luas de Marte se dividirão em pequenos pedaços e se espalharão pelo planeta para formar um sistema de anéis.
Mas e se algo assim realmente estiver acontecendo?
Quando chegou a Marte em 2013, a sonda Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) detectou uma nuvem de poeira de alta altitude ao redor do planeta, no entanto, devido à forma como as partículas foram espalhadas a equipe concluiu que elas tinham provavelmente vindo do espaço interplanetário.
Agora, porém, uma nova análise dos dados da sonda por pesquisadores na Índia sugeriu que Marte também possa ser cercado por proto-anéis compostos de pelo menos alguma poeira de Phobos e Deimos.
A equipe argumenta que partículas menores lançadas por ataques de meteoroides são normalmente varridas pelo vento solar enquanto a gravidade do planeta puxa as peças maiores para orbitar em torno de suas duas luas.
Alguma dessas poeiras pode então acabar fazendo o seu caminho para a atmosfera superior de Marte.
“As partículas de anel maiores podem atingir Marte durante um período de tempo, além das partículas de poeira interplanetárias”, disse Jayesh Pabari, do Laboratório de Pesquisa Física, em Ahmedabad, na Índia.
NASA propõe redefinir a palavra “planeta”
O movimento, se bem sucedido, poderia significar que nosso próprio sistema solar tem mais de 100 planetas nele.
Para que um corpo seja classificado como um planeta sob a definição atual da palavra, ele deve estar em órbita em torno de sua estrela pai, ele deve ser bastante maciço para a sua própria gravidade para torná-lo redondo e deve ter “sua vizinhança limpa” de objetos menores dentro de sua própria órbita.
Agora, porém, os cientistas da NASA criaram uma nova definição da palavra “planeta” que se concentra, não em seus atributos orbitais, mas em suas propriedades físicas.
Caso a nova definição seja aceita, isso significaria que nosso próprio sistema solar teria mais de 100 planetas incluindo Plutão (que foi degradado recentemente) e até mesmo nossa própria lua.
“Propomos a seguinte definição geofísica de um planeta para uso de educadores, cientistas, estudantes e do público”, escreveram os cientistas.
“Um planeta é um corpo de massa sub-estelar que nunca sofreu fusão nuclear e que tem auto-gravitação suficiente para assumir uma forma esferoidal adequadamente descrita por uma elipsoide triaxial, independentemente de seus parâmetros orbitais”.
Em outras palavras, para ser considerado um planeta, um corpo simplesmente precisa ser redondo e menor que uma estrela.
Os pesquisadores argumentam que esta nova definição faz muito mais sentido, com a definição existente não levando em conta os planetas em órbita em torno de outras estrelas ou aqueles que não têm uma estrela pai.
Em segundo lugar, o requisito de “compensação de zonas” é imperfeito, porque o tamanho da zona deve ser definido e, em muitas circunstâncias, a remoção desta área é impossível, independentemente do tamanho e das propriedades do mundo em questão.
Um objeto do tamanho da Terra dentro do Cinturão de Kuiper, por exemplo, nunca seria capaz de limpar sua vizinhança imediata de detritos, mesmo que seja claramente um planeta.
Grande Colisor de Hádrons refutou a existência de fantasmas
De acordo com o professor Brian Cox, se os fantasmas existissem, o esmagador de átomos do CERN deveria tê-los detectado em algum ponto.
Durante uma entrevista recente, o professor Cox – um físico britânico bem conhecido por apresentar programas de ciências no Reino Unido – sugeriu que o Grande Colisor de Hádrons pode ter refutado a existência de fantasmas
Dado que os espíritos são presumivelmente constituídos inteiramente de energia, eles quase certamente se dissipariam devido à segunda lei da termodinâmica que sugere que a energia é sempre perdida para o calor.
Para contornar esse problema, precisaria haver algum tipo de fonte de energia para mantê-los em andamento – algo que o famoso acelerador de partículas do CERN já teria encontrado.
“Se há algum tipo de padrão que carrega informações sobre as nossas células vivas, então precisamos especificar exatamente qual meio carrega esse padrão e como ele interage com as partículas de matéria das quais nossos corpos são feitos”, disse Cox.
“Em outras palavras, devemos inventar uma extensão para o modelo padrão de física de partículas que escapou da detecção do Grande Colisor de Hádrons, o que é quase inconcebível nas escalas de energia típicas das interações das partículas em nossos corpos”.
Seus comentários chamaram a atenção do cientista Neil deGrasse Tyson, que também estava aparecendo no programa.
“Se eu entendo o que você acabou de declarar, você afirmou que o CERN, o Centro Europeu de Pesquisa Nuclear, refutou a existência de fantasmas”, disse ele, com Cox concordando.
Wheelbarrows were invented around 200 CE. The Chinese before...
Wheelbarrows were invented around 200 CE. The Chinese before that used two-wheeled carts to get items around their rice paddies. But the two-wheeled carts tended to slip off the narrow pounded-earth walls which separated flooded rice fields. Someone, somewhere, had the idea of putting just one big wheel under the cart. Suddenly rice paddy embankments were easier to get around. The wheelbarrow was a hit! Besides being used by farmers, the Chinese military soon adopted wheelbarrows to transport supplies and dead and wounded soldiers.
4 Simpatias de amor para o Carnaval!
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Orion Spacecraft Progress Continues With Installation of Module to Test Propulsion Systems
On Feb. 22, engineers successfully installed ESA’s European Service Module Propulsion Qualification Module (PQM) at NASA’s White Sands Test Facility in New Mexico that was delivered by Airbus – ESA’s prime contractor for the Service Module. The module will be equipped with a total of 21 engines to support NASA’s Orion spacecraft.
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The precursor to all North American state fairs was the 1765 agricultural exhibition in Windsor,...
Simpatia para ficar mais atraente e irresistivel - Simpatia do Índio do amor
- Simpatia para ter sorte no amor - Simpatia da coruja
- Oração para trazer um amor de volta de Santo Antônio
23 fevereiro 2017
Reza forte de amor
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Estranho OVNI aparece em ‘The Walking Dead’
Depois de uma cena de luta épica com algum tipo de criatura estranha, o personagem Rick, do seriado The Walking Dead, foi visto pegando ar e sorrindo no meio de um deserto de sucata.
Entretanto, os espectadores se mostraram distraídos nas redes sociais quando um misterioso OVNI surgiu no céu atrás do personagem.
Um close-up da cena, postada no Twitter, mostra o que parecem ser três pontos separados voando do lado direito da tela em direção a cabeça de Rick.
Alguns espectadores sugerem que os pontos talvez tenham sido causados ??por um erro nos efeitos especiais.
O criador da série, Robert Kirkman, brincou que os extraterrestres talvez sejam os responsáveis por trazer os mortos de volta à vida.
@AMCTalkingDead What's behind Rick? UFO? Plane? Bad editing? #TWD http://pic.twitter.com/SqQbuyeMxB
— Angel Luis (@bigricanman) February 20, 2017