It used to be thought that rice farming arrived in India around 2000 BCE, an imported crop from China. Recent evidence is turning that on its head. From archaeological discoveries and deductions around what used to be the Indus River Civilization – in today’s Pakistan and northern India – scientists now think rice arrived about 430 years earlier. In fact, rice growing by the Indus Civilization may have developed in tandem with rice growing by ancient China. It seems likely that different wild species were cultivated in both places. The Indus developed both wet and dry versions of Oryza sativa indica, while truly ‘wetland’ Chinese rice, Oryza sativa japonica, arrived around 2000 BCE.
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