The Fulani Jihad, from 1804–1808 was a military contest in present-day Nigeria and Cameroon. The war began when Usman dan Fodio, a prominent Islamic scholar and teacher, was exiled from Gobir by the king of Gobir, Yunfa, who was one of his former students. Usman dan Fodio vowed assembled a Fulani army to lead in jihad (or holy war) against the Hausa kingdoms in what is today the north of Nigeria. The Hausa had imposed a harsh system of conscription and taxation. The Fulani, largely pastoral, were often the victims of Hausa taxation, land control, and other discriminatory practices. The Fulani were also Muslim (although the Hausa were too, but of a different kind). In other words, the Fulani had the perfect motivation to help Usman end the Hausa kingdoms. The forces of Usman dan Fodio slowly took over more and more of the Hausa kingdoms. In 1808 they took Gobir and executed Yunfa. The war resulted in the creation of the Sokoto Caliphate, headed by Usman dan Fodio, which became one of the largest states in Africa in the 1800s.
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