Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876 – 1948) - often called the founder of Pakistan
The Pakistani flag
September 11th 1948: Muhammad Ali Jinnah dies
On this day in 1948, the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, died aged seventy-one. Jinnah was born on Christmas day 1876 in Karachi, then part of British India. Throughout his childhood, Jinnah was a restless student, never fully devoting himself to academic studies. However, he managed to secure an internship in London, and in 1893 joined a law association and began studying for the bar exam. Upon becoming a qualified lawyer, Jinnah returned to India and set up a practice in Bombay. However, his attention soon turned to politics, and in 1906 he joined the Indian National Congress, which sought autonomy from British rule. In 1913, Jinnah joined the All India Muslim League, and devoted himself to the interests of the Muslim minority in India, initially hoping Hindu-Muslim co-operation would keep India united. However, over the next two decades, the split between the Muslim League and Hindu-controlled Congress increased, and relations between the two groups deteriorated. At a 1940 meeting of the league, Jinnah proposed the partition of India and creation of a Muslim-majority Pakistan, where he believed Muslim rights would be better protected than in Hindu-majority India. Jinnah lobbied the British government for Pakistani independence to be part of the decolonisation of India. His efforts were successful, and on August 14th 1947, Jinnah’s goal of an independent Pakistan came true, and he was swiftly sworn in as its first governor-general. Soon before his death of tuberculosis in September 1948, Jinnah became president of Pakistan’s constituent assembly.
“Faith, Unity, and Discipline”
- Jinnah’s motto
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