What we today call Tunisia was conquered by the Arabs in 647 CE. Although the Arabs initially unified North Africa, by 1230 a separate Tunisian dynasty had been established by the Ḥafṣids. They were Amazigh (Berber). Ḥafṣid rule saw the development of the Maliki school of law in the region. One of the four major schools of law in Sunni Islam, it stresses local community practices and relying on tradition and analogical reasoning over the relatively newer hadiths, or sayings of the prophet. Under the Hafsids, the belief of Maliki as the basis of social life took hold in Tunisian society. It is still the major school of thought in Northern Africa. The Hafsids’ other major legacy is making Tunis the capital of their domain.
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